An analysis of the diverse streams that constitute personal income across the United States, highlighting the roles of wages, government transfers, and property income. This report examines state-level variations and the economic drivers of income growth through 2025.
U.S. state export data from the Census Bureau show Texas as the top exporting state and the Northern Mariana Islands as the lowest. The figures are based on the origin of movement of goods and include four-digit NAICS commodity codes, country of destination, and shipping details. Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, and the United Kingdom are among the most frequent top partners for individual states.
The New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan area remains the largest U.S. metro area in the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025 estimates, with 20,112,448 residents as of July 1, 2025. Los Angeles and Chicago follow, while Sun Belt metros such as Dallas, Houston, Austin, and Orlando continue to post the strongest long-term growth. The official rankings cover 387 metropolitan statistical areas in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
The U.S. national official poverty rate was 10.6% in 2024, but state-level rates varied widely, from under 8% in several states to 19.6% in Louisiana. Southern states dominate the highest poverty rankings, while the Supplemental Poverty Measure was 12.9%, reflecting the end of pandemic-era benefits. These state rankings are critical for federal funding and economic policy.
The U.S. economy is not monolithic. National GDP is led by finance, insurance, and real estate, but state economies vary dramatically: manufacturing dominates Indiana, information drives Washington, and mining anchors North Dakota. This article breaks down the latest Bureau of Economic Analysis data on sectoral GDP by state.
The U.S. labor force participation rate was 61.4% in July 2026, down 0.8 percentage points from July 2025. The rate measures the share of people ages 16 and older who are working or actively looking for work. Recent declines reflect a January 2026 population correction, an aging population, and a June drop among prime-age workers. State-level data are available from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
A look at the counties and local areas reporting the lowest unemployment rates in 2026 according to Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) data. Recent state-level releases show several rural and suburban counties in Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Kentucky with rates below 3 percent, while Nevada’s micropolitan areas also rank among the lowest in the state.
Long-term unemployment—joblessness lasting 27 weeks or more—is a critical measure of labor market distress. While the official unemployment rate captures total joblessness, the share of unemployed out of work 27 weeks or more reveals how persistent joblessness is. This article explains how the Bureau of Labor Statistics measures long-term unemployment at the state level, the closest available proxy (U-1, 15 weeks or longer), and why the 27-week threshold matters.
The U.S. Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025 estimates, released in June 2026, provide the most recent official breakdown of the U.S. population by race and Hispanic origin. Non-Hispanic White Americans remain the largest group, but the nation continues to become more diverse, with Hispanic, Asian, and multiracial populations growing faster than the overall population. State-level patterns vary widely, from predominantly White states in the Northeast and Midwest to majority-minority states such as Hawaii, New Mexico, and California.
Real GDP per capita by state measures inflation-adjusted economic output per resident. In the third quarter of 2025, real GDP grew in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, with Kansas leading at 6.5% and North Dakota slowest at 0.4%. The highest per capita output is concentrated in the District of Columbia and states with large finance, technology, and energy sectors.