Real GDP per capita by state measures inflation-adjusted economic output per resident. In the third quarter of 2025, real GDP grew in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, with Kansas leading at 6.5% and North Dakota slowest at 0.4%. The highest per capita output is concentrated in the District of Columbia and states with large finance, technology, and energy sectors.
The most recent comprehensive official data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis shows Midland, TX had the highest GDP per capita among U.S. metropolitan areas in 2021 at $228,069, followed by San Jose and San Francisco. Although 2025 rankings are not yet available in official BEA releases, the 2021 figures highlight how energy production and technology hubs drive the highest per-person economic output.
As of 2026, rent control in the United States remains a fragmented landscape of statewide caps, local ordinances, and state-level preemptions. While a few states like California and Oregon enforce strict statewide limits, dozens of others forbid cities from implementing their own rent caps.
In 2025, Maine had the highest housing units per 1,000 residents among states with available Census data, at 549.1, while Utah had the lowest at 373.1. The U.S. total housing stock reached 146.7 million units, with wide state-to-state variation driven by vacation markets, population growth, and housing supply constraints.
New Vintage 2025 Census Bureau estimates show U.S. population growth slowed to 0.5% between July 2024 and July 2025, adding 1.8 million people. A historic decline in net international migration was the main driver, after growth hit 1.0% in 2024. States without positive net domestic migration are especially dependent on international migration to grow.
Average hourly earnings vary widely across U.S. states, from about $30 in lower-wage Southern states to more than $50 in the District of Columbia. According to the latest BLS annual averages for 2025, states such as California, Connecticut, and Colorado report average hourly earnings above $39, while Alabama and Arkansas remain below $32. These differences reflect industry mix, cost of living, and state minimum wage policies.
The U.S. homeownership rate was 65.0% in Q2 2026, unchanged from a year earlier but below the 25-year average of 66.3%. Age remains the strongest predictor: under-35 households had a rate of 35.2%, while those 65 and over were near 79%. This article breaks down the latest Census data and generational trends.
New York County, New York — the borough of Manhattan — is the most densely populated county in the United States, with 73,478 residents per square mile in 2025. It is followed by Kings County (Brooklyn), Bronx County, and Queens County, making four of the five densest counties part of New York City. County-level density rankings highlight extreme urban concentration and the wide gap between coastal cities and rural America.
U.S. GDP per capita reached $89,962 in current dollars in 2025, up from $57,931 in 2016 and $58,724 in inflation-adjusted 2015 dollars. After adjusting for inflation, real GDP per capita rose to $70,151 in 2025, a 19.5% increase over the decade. The series shows a pandemic dip in 2020, a strong rebound in 2021, and continued growth through 2025.
The U.S. GDP implicit price deflator measures economywide inflation by comparing nominal and real GDP. In 2025, the index reached 128.979 (2017=100), up from 125.428 in 2024. The annual series extends back to 1929 and is a key gauge of price changes across all final goods and services.